History tractor

The history of origin of agricultural machinery in Kharkov

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A woman's voice tells how to find the company:.

- Str. Marshal Batitsky ...
- well .., say, near the Hammer and Sickle ..
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It is painful twinge. In our time, nothing has surprised, and then jammed, it will take several years and almost no one will remember about the pride of Kharkov and the whole agricultural machine of the USSR. Once it is wrong ...

The factory restore, we can not, but keep his memory in the vast World Wide Web, you can try.

So got the idea to open a series of articles on engineering history Kharkiv in Ukraine.

We are ready to provide a place for all who are not indifferent to the history of the domestic engineering industry.

Can still common efforts not to sink into a series of banana respublik- something preserve, restore something and something and built from scratch? ....

probably is not many people remember that the Kharkov factory "Hammer and Sickle" and "Tractor engine" in USSR produced the greatest amount of diesel engines for agricultural machines and other equipment. Annual output reached in 80 years more than 250 thousand units, and all diesel engines with the brand SMD produced around 7 million. Pcs.

Diesel SMD manned all the grain-beet harvesters (Rostov, Krasnoyarsk, Taganrog, Ternopil, Kherson, Gomel, Birobidzhan plants - more than 10 thousand units per year) and about 60% of tractor plants of Kharkov, Volgograd, Petrozavodsk, deserves attention and a considerable list of other equipment for the national economy and for special purposes, be equipped with diesel CMD

How did the story of the creation and development of engine-building enterprises in Kharkiv. After the war, vigorously develop agriculture, but especially tractors and combine harvesters is clearly not enough. Unreleased trailer combines manned petrol low-powered engines, mainly YM5 Ufa Aviation Plant. Production capacity at this plant was not enough, and the products were not of his profile.

So, 7 September 1949 the Council of Ministers adopted a Regulation on the organization of the factory "Sickle and Hammer" Production of engines for U5M trailed harvesters . The same resolution for development development work on engines for combine harvesters and agricultural machinery in the factory provided for the creation of special design bureau of engines with an experienced shop and research laboratory (SKBD). Produced on the tractor plants diesels D-35, D-54, SBL-46 and were not suitable for harvesting, as They were heavy, and overall low speed.

The development of U5M engine production at the plant "Sickle and Hammer" began by assembling the components of the Ufa plant. The design of this engine was developed in NATI before the war. Its power was 40 hp, produced in the aluminum version differed good reliability, and adaptability to the conditions of work at the combine. Simultaneously the production of engine components at the plant "Hammer and Sickle" and the transfer of production of the main products of the plant stacker threshers and other businesses. Design Bureau was numerically small with no experience in motostroitelnom production, but with the arrival of the chief designer IA Koval of the aviation industry and young professionals group began active work on improving U5M engine, primarily an increase in its capacity to 5 hp and 30%, and reduced fuel consumption. This engine was manufactured under the designation SM-1. 86,500 engines were produced for 1955, including 46,400 units. SM-1.
Increasing amounts of cereal crops dictate the need to increase productivity by harvesting the development and implementation of self-propelled. For their complete return SM-1 design bureau (SKBD) were asked to give up the petrol and diesel use. The basis was the 4-cylinder diesel engine with a 110 mm barrel diameter and a stroke of 130 mm, subsequently upgraded by increasing the cylinder diameter and 115 mm Thus, a self-propelled harvester SC-3 was completed first in the USSR diesel engine SMD-7 power 65 hp with revolutions of the crankshaft 1700 rev/min. The advantages of the diesel engine SMD-7 before SMD-1 are obvious:. More power, less fuel consumption, lower flammability

In 1958 started serial production of diesel SMD-7 and its spread to other machines, and the production of petrol engines SM-1 gradually decreased since ceased production of trailed harvesters. During 1958, produced about 28 thousand. Diesel SMD-7.

At the same time with the development of SMD-7 was developed and experimental base GSKBD, which will significantly speed up the development work, which resulted in the developed proposals for the creation of a tractor diesel CMD-14 75 hp with increasing diameter of the cylinder so115 mm to 120 mm and a stroke of 130 to 140 mm. The use of more lightweight and economical diesel engine SMD-14 tractors HTZ, VtTZ and HTA allowed to cease production of its own diesel at these plants and increase the production of tractors, saving metal consumption, and operating result in substantial fuel savings. SMD-14 engine produced a 40% greater capacity than R-54 had a 450 kg less weight. Now it is on the basis of tractor SMD-14 were created by modification of SMD and SMD-14K-15K for self-propelled harvesters SC-4 Rostov and Taganrog plants. Engines of this family are put into production in 1961.

Thanks to the high technological performance diesel SMD-14 and its variants were used by more than 40 machines for different purposes. In the period 1962-1966 GG actively conducted work on expansion SMD-14 family diesels due to creation of 6- and 8-cylinder engines.

have been established design and performance conducted bench tests of prototypes, but implementation was only later and 6- cylinder engine of the new concept.

However, work on improving capacity 4 cylinder engines continued, but with regard to their mass production (rigid processes) GSKBD sought cost-effective ways to improve the cardinality and economic indicators. This was facilitated by the successful results of the creation of a gas turbine supercharging systems. In GSKBD the first time in the industry of agricultural machinery has been developed a family of unified turbochargers TKR-11, TCR and TCR-8-7.5, which was put into production at the factory turbochargers and Dergachevsky Borisov plant units.
The use of turbocharged engines allowed to increase capacity

SMD-17K/18K and 105 hp and implement them in 1968-1969 gg in the production of grain harvesters "Niva" and "Siberian". At the same time, work continued on improving the traction motor, as a result of which it was developed initially vihrekamernym, and then, diesel SMD-18H with direct injection and turbocharged 100 hp for the Volgograd plant.

Given the significant improvement in fuel economy of diesel engines with direct injection, the new workflow was introduced in 1974. Instead vihrekamernogo on all engines factory "Sim».

In 1970, . State special design office of engines, given the significant amount of work in the industry, was transformed into a Leading specialized Design Bureau for medium power engines. It was essentially a response to the initiative Mintraktorselhozmasha GSKBD work on creating korotkohodnaya V -shaped diesel SMD-60 family. First developed for farm diesels structure with relation to the stroke of the cylinder diameter is less than 1.0, thus reducing the size and weight of the power unit. After carrying out a large amount of development work and testing of a family of diesel engines in 1973-1974 GG It has been put on production at the new factory of tractor engines (HZTD). This provided a transition to a new generation of energy-Kharkov tractors - T-150 and T-150K, 175S Vologodsky DT and high grain (Taganrog), beet (Ternopol), corn (Kherson) and feed (g . Gomel) harvesters. Implementations of this family diesels substantially closed needful power range 150-170 hp in agricultural engineering.

However, further studies of working processes, the problems of reliability of diesel engines

«Sim" and HZTD revealed significant reserves to improve their performance through the application of cooling of the charge air downstream of the turbocharger. As a result of such a system on the V -shaped diesel engines that are embedded on HZTD in 1978, reached the engine power SMD-72 - 200 hp These engines have been used in the forage (Gomel) and corn (Kherson) combines high performance

In 1979 he was received the prestigious information from the test site Nebraska (USA) -. With certification testing tractor T-150, Massey Ferguson 1505 International 3588, Kay 4490 and Versatayl 555 best results in terms of fuel economy provided a diesel SMD-62, which means a high level of design and research works in GSKBD.

in addition to the active work for the development of diesel engines family SMD-60 made development work on the improvement of diesel engines "Sim". On the basis of diesel SMD-18KN/17KN developed engines SMD-19/20 and the turbo charged air cooling, which provided 120 hp and significantly improve the performance of combines "Niva" and "Yenisei". In the period 1981-1984 GG carried out a huge amount of work to improve the technical level of a 4-cylinder diesel engines. A new workflow for diesel SMD-21/22, thus improving the power base SMD-19/20 to 140 hp Their use on combine harvesters "Niva" and "Yenisei-1200", forage machine RCM-4 decided enough power problem.

Further efforts to improve the technical level of a 4-cylinder diesel engines include the problem of increasing their capacity and improving economic and environmental indicators. So they have been developed and put into production diesel SMD-23/24 power of 165 hp for grain and forage harvesters. These modifications, as serial, exhausted reserves of power and reliability. However, they served as the basis for the creation of specific modifications:

  • engines SMD-23.07 - for city buses LAZ;

  • engines SMD-25 - for the integral tractor produced Lipetsk tractor plant;

  • engines SMD-19TA.06 - arable tractor HTZ-T150A;

  • engines SMD-19T.02 - for universal tractors HTZ-120;

  • engines SMD-20TA - to Volgograd tractor BT-100N;

  • engines SMD-21.08/SMD-21.09 - to be mounted on special equipment instead of gasoline (2) on the same machine;

  • dvigateliSMD-18NP constant power - for tractors Volgograd and Onega plants;

At the end of 70g.g. developed the concept of a new family of six-cylinder diesel RMA-31, the MTI/C = 120x140 mm, which are subsequently produced in mass production factory "Sim" basic:

  • engines SMD-31A power 225 hp - Harvester "Don-1500»;

  • engines RMA-31, RMA-31.01 - for tractor Harvester "SK-10" and universal power means (SER) " Polesye-250 "power of 250 hp;.

  • engine SMD-31B.04 - for the forage harvester« Don-680 "power 280l.s

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As a reliable harvester engine family SMD31 they have been applied on the combines "Slavutich", "Lan", "Olympus", "Obriy».

In terms of development work variants were designed based on engine SMD-31 HTZ tractor diesel electric units, and others. machinery. Made prototypes, conducted performance tests, but no longer need to implement.

Can be used as the power unit on trucks KamAZ, KrAZ and buses LAZ confirmed the performance test of several models with capacity of 220-300 hp Akorodom recent work on the creation of the automobile engine on the basis of SMD-31 diesel engine design has been developed with horizontal cylinder power of 300 hp However, the introduction of these developments in production in the economic conditions of recent years 90s fell by the wayside as their own production of clutches and gearboxes were not, and the purchase of imports resulted in a non-competitive on the price of power units.

There have been and development 8-cylinder V-shaped diesels. So, in 1979, it was created by the engine SMD-80 capacity of 220-250 hp based on RMA-60 for crawler tractor type 3 and 5 tonnes. Volgogradsky Altai and tractors. Produced samples were tested. In 1988, it was developed 8-cylinder diesel engine with RMA Ay * Sn = 120 * 140 mm capacity 350-400 hp This engine in comparison with SAM-80 has some constructive features: individual cylinder heads for each cylinder, a turbocharger for each series (2) dual lubrication system etc. Made samples conducted bench tests.. Further works were stopped due to the cessation of production at the Kharkov Engine Plant.

GSKBD engaged in the creation of small-displacement engines. The first direction was to create a standard series of starting motors and gearboxes for SMD diesels and plant industry. The units are designed, communicated their design and put into production at specialized plants:

  • The Kharkov factory of starting engines;

  • Gomel plant of starting engines ;

  • The Altai plant units;

  • Lipetsk plant of starting engines;

  • Mikhailovsky plant of starting engines.

The engines created in one-two-cylinder versions. The power developed by the engine was 10-22 hp.

second direction is provided for a family of 2, 4 and 6-cylinder diesel engine with a small size V -like arrangement of cylinders dimension D = 82 * 5 * 88 mm for small machines. Two-cylinder diesel SMD-900 developed capacity of 13 hp and intended for a tractor "Prikarpatets", "Karpatmashina", as well as self-propelled chassis. The four-cylinder diesel engine developed capacity of 30 hp and intended for vehicles. In the future, its capacity was increased to 50 hp by applying the turbine boost. It began developing the production of these engines on HZTD.

An important direction in the joint venture GSKBD with factories "Sim" and "HZTD" was the development of the production of diesel generating sets.

Mark diesel

Power unit kW

The plant - manufacturer

SMD - 900E

SMD - 11D

SMD - 15E

SMD - 19E

SMD - 17E

SMD - 31E

A - 60E

8

30

30

60

50

100

60

HZTD

& L

S & L

& L

& L

& L

HZTD

Another interesting area - the creation and production of diesel aggregates representing a layout on a single frame diesels radiator unit, clutch, fascia and other elements that serve the work diesel

.. "Fertility is" the Kharkov machine-building is due to close cooperation GSKBD designers and companies "Sim" and HZTD. Huge amounts of engine production at these plants were possible only thanks to the close cooperation relations with more than 40-component manufacturers, working on the design documentation GSKBD.

Bykov Viktor Ivanovich,

GSKBD chief designer from 1992 to 2002

Contacts in Ukraine

Ukraine, Kharkiv, Autogenna, 12a

from 830 to 1700 GMT+3

sbyt@motor-agro.com.ua

+38 050 300 00 19

+38 067 572 17 11

+38 057 714 65 14


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